Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Using the statistics collected since the beginning of the 1950s by the National Accounting Bureau, this article analyses the overall trends in the consumption of animal products in France. The total amount of meat consumed has decreased regularly throughout this period. A tendency towards saturation became increasingly apparent during the 1980s. Although the results of consumption surveys demonstrate a broad spectrum of eating behavior, there is a some homogeneity with respect to certain life style characteristics including income and age group. These different observations suggest that in addition to pursuing goals of increased productivity, attention must also be given to policies of increased differentiation. ; A partir des séries statistiques issues de la Comptabilité Nationale, ce texte analyse les grandes tendances de la consommation des produits animaux en France depuis le début des années cinquante. Le taux de croissance de la consommation des viandes diminue régulièrement tout au long de la période, et une tendance à la saturation se manifeste de plus en plus clairement au cours des années quatre-vingt. Les données des enquêtes de consommation mettent en évidence la forte hétérogénéité des comportements mais aussi leur régularité en fonction de certaines caractéristiques des ménages comme le revenu et l'âge par exemple. Ces différents constats suggèrent que parallèlement à la poursuite des efforts de productivité, une politique de différenciation des produits est à l'ordre du jour.

A partir des séries statistiques issues de la Comptabilité Nationale, ce texte analyse les grandes tendances de la consommation des produits animaux en France depuis le début des années cinquante. Le taux de croissance de la consommation des viandes diminue régulièrement tout au long de la période, et une tendance à la saturation se manifeste de plus en plus clairement au cours des années quatre-vingt. Les données des enquêtes de consommation mettent en évidence la forte hétérogénéité des comportements mais aussi leur régularité en fonction de certaines caractéristiques des ménages comme le revenu et l'âge par exemple. Ces différents constats suggèrent que parallèlement à la poursuite des efforts de productivité, une politique de différenciation des produits est à l'ordre du jour. ; Using the statistics collected since the beginning of the 1950s by the National Accounting Bureau, this article analyses the overall trends in the consumption of animal products in France. The total amount of meat consumed has decreased regularly throughout this period. A tendency towards saturation became increasingly apparent during the 1980s. Although the results of consumption surveys demonstrate a broad spectrum of eating behavior, there is a some homogeneity with respect to certain life style characteristics including income and age group. These different observations suggest that in addition to pursuing goals of increased productivity, attention must also be given to policies of increased differentiation.

International audience We study the relative willingness-to-pay (WTP) of consumers according to the diversity of supply in a market and we show how the presence of substitutes for a given product leads to question the incentive mechanisms commonly used in experimental auctions. We propose a Surplus Comparison Mechanism (SCM) in order to yield WTP estimates which better take into account the choice set available to consumers. After showing the efficiency of this mechanism we test the SCM in a laboratory experiment, reconsidering WTP for food environmental certifications (Integrated Pest Management and Organic certification). It appears that WTPs are decreasing when more alternative certifications are offered to consumers. ; Nous étudions le caractère relatif du consentement à payer (CAP) des consommateurs en vérifiant que celui-ci peut être fonction des alternatives de choix de consommation et de la diversité de l'offre sur un marché. Nous proposons un 'Mécanisme de Comparaison des Surplus' pour mieux tenir compte de ces effets de diversité dans les enchères expérimentales. Après avoir démontré l'efficacité de ce mécanisme pour la révélation des préférences nous le testons par une expérience en laboratoire, en reconsidérant la mesure du CAP pour les certifications environnementales des produits alimentaires (Production intégrée et certification biologique). Il apparaît notamment que le CAP est décroissant en fonction du nombre d'alternatives de choix des consommateurs.

To prevent some food related illnesses, health policies may influence consumers' behaviors through appropriate food labeling. In some countries, like the US, nutrition labeling is mandatory, whereas it is still optional in the EU, except when a nutrition claim is made in the labeling or the advertising of a foodstuff. In fact, the choice between voluntary versus mandatory labeling depends on several factors related, on the demand side, to the potential impacts of nutrition labeling on consumers' health, and on the supply side, to the possible extension of labeling if it only relies on firms' initiatives. Focusing on the supply side, the purpose of this study is to assess the development of voluntary nutrition labeling in France, and to determine the relationship between the presence of nutritional label, the food composition and prices. Analyses are performed on biscuits/pastries data, using detailed data on nutritional characteristics and prices of food items.

International audience ; To prevent some food related illnesses, health policies may influence consumers' behaviors through appropriate food labeling. In some countries, like the US, nutrition labeling is mandatory, whereas it is still optional in the EU, except when a nutrition claim is made in the labeling or the advertising of a foodstuff. In fact, the choice between voluntary versus mandatory labeling depends on several factors related, on the demand side, to the potential impacts of nutrition labeling on consumers' health, and on the supply side, to the possible extension of labeling if it only relies on firms' initiatives. Focusing on the supply side, the purpose of this study is to assess the development of voluntary nutrition labeling in France, and to determine the relationship between the presence of nutritional label, the food composition and prices. Analyses are performed on biscuits/pastries data, using detailed data on nutritional characteristics and prices of food items.

The main objective of this deliverable is to evaluate consumers' WTP for organic products and compare both with existing brands as the exclusive signal of quality and with additional signals incorporated. We used an experimental market and we determined consumer's willingness to pay (WTP) for produce grown with different pesticide levels. For our experimental markets conducted in Portugal (April, 2009), France (May, 2009)and Greece (February, 2010) consumers' WTP were estimate using the apple example, for three levels of pesticide reduction: i) "Regular": apples produced in the respect of the legal legislation. These apples don't have any cue. ii) Integrated Pest Management (IPM): apples produced with a decrease of the pesticides' use. In our experimental markets, IPM strategy involved three different signals with a "generic" IPM certification, a retailer brand and a protected designation of origin, (iii) "Organic": apples produced without any synthesis pesticides. More recently, we conducted the experimental market in Netherlands (October,2010). In this country, we tested two types of organic certification: The conventional organic certification, tested in the previous countries (where no chemical pesticides have been used in 3 the production process) and a certification "Organic Plus" where no chemical and organic pesticides have been used. After showing that consumers' premium for pesticide reduction is not independent from the product's sensory attributes, we give the quantitative results for the consumers WTP for a pesticide reduction. It should be noted that demand for organic products seems relatively important in the EU countries that we tested. However in Netherlands, organic production seems to be less valued by the consumers. Countries where the experimental auctions were conducted do not necessarily correspond to countries where income levels are highest in the EU (specifically for Portugal and Greece). Moreover, we show that the income is not significant to explain the premium for organic products. ...

Using experimental auctions carried out on apples in different European countries, we contribute to the assessment of consumer willingness to pay for the reduction of pesticides. We study several systems of good agricultural practices, possibly signaled to consumers, ranging from public and private Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to organic production methods. The results suggest a relatively homogeneous behavior of European consumers and we show how improving the information on pesticides reduction could have unexpected consequences. Results also show that sensory characteristics or reference to an origin of production should not be overlooked. ; En utilisant des enchères expérimentales effectuées dans différents pays européens, cet article contribue à l'évaluation du consentement à payer des consommateurs en faveur de la réduction des pesticides. Nous étudions plusieurs systèmes de bonnes pratiques agricoles qui peuvent être signalées aux consommateurs, allant des stratégies publiques et privées de production intégrée, aux modes de production biologique. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent un comportement relativement homogène des consommateurs européens, et nous montrons comment le renforcement de l'information sur la réduction des pesticides peut avoir des conséquences inattendues. Les résultats montrent également comment l'influence des caractéristiques sensorielles et la référence à une origine ne doivent pas être nègligées.